The News in Chinese - August 2007

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在爱奥的大气里含有一定量的钠元素

The atmosphere of Io contains a certain amount of sodium elements.

尽管含量不高

Although the content is low.

但是它在可见光波段的两条著名的黄光发射线

However, it has two famous yellow light emission lines in the visible light spectrum.

对于爱奥大气特征的研究起到了至关重要的作用

It plays a crucial role in the study of the atmospheric characteristics of Io.

卫星大气层中的部分等离子体

Plasma in the satellite atmosphere.

由于受到木星强烈的引力作用而形成一个额外的电离星云

An additional ionized nebula formed due to the strong gravitational influence of Jupiter.

跟在爱奥身后一同让木星运动

Following in Io's footsteps to make Jupiter move.

但是由于这一电离违纪很暗淡

But this ionization violation is very faint.

又在木星和爱奥的明亮的衬托下

Once again against the bright backdrop of Jupiter and Io.

通常的光谱成像

Conventional spectral imaging

设备很难探测到它的存在

The device has a hard time detecting its presence.

波斯顿大学的研究小组使用一套独特的成像方法

The research team at Boston University used a unique imaging method.

把若干次曝光时间短但敏锐度极高的照片重合起来

Overlay several photos with short exposure times but extremely high sensitivity.

生成最终的图像

Generate the final image.

从而减少由长时间曝光导致的明亮背景

Thus reducing the bright background caused by prolonged exposure.

对暗淡观测对象的光污染

Light pollution affecting dim observation targets.

他们使用夏威夷3.67米望远镜观测爱奥卫星

They observed the moon Io using the 3.67-meter telescope in Hawaii.

同时进行白光照相和纳光照相

Simultaneously perform white light photography and infrared photography.

最终获得了高分辨率的卫星大气图像

Finally obtained high-resolution satellite atmospheric images.

图像显示出爱奥同时具有一个球状的电流

The image shows that Io has a spherical electric current.

电离免层和一个拖在身后的电离轨迹

Ionization layer and an ionization trajectory trailing behind.

随它一起让木星轨道运动

Let it move along with Jupiter's orbital motion.

天文学家们使用斯比泽空间望远镜

Astronomers use the Spitzer Space Telescope.

首次获得地外行星系统中水存在的证据

The first evidence of water in an exoplanetary system.

这颗类似木星的热气体行星

This gas giant planet similar to Jupiter.

体积比太阳系第一大行星木星还要大

Its volume is larger than that of Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system.

围绕恒星HD189733以2.2天的轨道周期运动

Orbiting the star HD189733 with an orbital period of 2.2 days.

轨道平面几乎与我们的观测视线平行

The orbital plane is almost parallel to our line of sight.

这使这颗行星在每一次轨道周期运动

This makes the planet move with each orbital cycle.

都会有一段时间运动到恒星与我们之间

There will be a period of time when the movement occurs between the stars and us.

投影在恒星表面

Projected on the surface of the star.

从而遮挡来自恒星表面的部分星光

Thus blocking some of the starlight from the surface of the star.

这种天文现象被称为零日

This astronomical phenomenon is called Zero Day.

通过对零日光度变化快慢的测量

By measuring the speed of changes in zero-day brightness.

我们可以获得行星大小的信息

We can obtain information about the size of planets.

而穿过行星大气层的恒星星光

The starlight that passes through the planet's atmosphere.

又会依赖于行星大气成分含量而受到不同程度的吸收

It will also be absorbed to different degrees depending on the composition of the planet's atmosphere.

这为我们确认行星大气成分提供了特殊的有力手段

This provides us with a particularly powerful means to confirm the atmospheric composition of planets.

大气中的水

Water in the atmosphere.

对于恒星星光的吸收

Regarding the absorption of starlight.

行星光谱中5.8微米辐射的吸收

Absorption of 5.8 micron radiation in planetary spectra.

要强于对3.6微米的吸收

It is stronger than the absorption of 3.6 micrometers.

这种差别使行星在5.8微米波段

This difference causes the planet to vary in the 5.8-micron wavelength band.

对恒星的遮挡比在3.6微米遮挡的面积要略多

The遮挡 of stars is slightly more than the area遮挡 at 3.6 microns.

从而导致了在这两个波段上

Leading to this in these two bands.

零日光度变化快慢的差别

Differences in the speed of zero-day brightness changes.

通过比较这种差别

By comparing this difference.

天文学家们计算出这颗行星大气中水蒸气的含量

Astronomers have calculated the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere of this planet.

它比行星模型给出的估计大四倍

It is four times larger than the estimate given by the planetary model.

但天文学家们同时也指出

But astronomers also point out that

这可能是由于我们提供了水蒸气的吸收强度

This may be due to the absorption intensity of water vapor that we provided.

从而提供了这种差别

Thus provided this difference.

从而高估了它的含量

Thereby overestimating its content.

要知道这颗巨型气态行星的表面温度

To know the surface temperature of this giant gaseous planet.

远远超过地球实验室的温度

Far beyond the temperature of Earth's laboratories.

也许我们还不完全清楚

Maybe we are not completely clear yet.

高温下水蒸气吸收的全部特征

The complete characteristics of water vapor absorption at high temperatures.

天文学家们在引力透镜的帮助下

Astronomers, with the help of gravitational lensing

观测到一批最远最古老的星系

A batch of the farthest and oldest galaxies has been observed.

它们发出的光来自于13亿年前的宇宙

The light they emit comes from the universe 1.3 billion years ago.

当时年轻的宇宙只有5亿岁

The young universe was only 500 million years old at that time.

如果不是由于引力透镜的效果

If it were not for the effect of gravitational lensing

我们根本不可能探测到这些

We cannot detect these at all.

最遥远最暗淡的星系

The farthest and dimmest galaxy.

使用夏威夷10米的凯克望远镜

Using the Keck telescope in Hawaii with a 10-meter aperture.

天文学家们把目标锁定在一批

Astronomers have set their sights on a group of

大质量星系团的市场中

In the market of large mass galaxy clusters.

星系团巨大的引力场

The immense gravitational field of a galaxy cluster.

就像光学透镜一样

Just like an optical lens.

使背景星系被放大

Magnify the background galaxy.

来自宇宙深处最遥远最古老的星系成员

Members from the farthest and oldest galaxies in the depths of the universe.

就隐藏在这些星系团的市场中

Hidden in the markets of these galaxy clusters.

仅仅通过单一波段的成像

Imaging through a single band alone.

我们很难把它们从星系团本身的星系成员中区分开来

It is difficult for us to distinguish them from the galaxy members of the galaxy cluster itself.

然而一旦通过光谱或多波段观测

However, once observed through spectral or multi-band observations

获得关于这些远古星系的红移信息

Obtain redshift information about these ancient galaxies.

它们的身份就会暴露无遗

Their identities will be completely exposed.

这些至今为止观测到的最古老的星系

These are the oldest galaxies observed to date.

对于宇宙学的研究有着重大意义

It has great significance for the study of cosmology.

因为它们处于宇宙黑暗时代的末期

Because they are at the end of the cosmic dark age.

是宇宙被再电离的重要贡献者

It is an important contributor to the reionization of the universe.

6月底

End of June

英国的格林尼治天文台开放了新的天象观

The Royal Observatory Greenwich in the UK has opened a new planetarium.

与传统的天文圆顶不同的是

Unlike traditional astronomical domes

新的Peter Harrison天象观

New Peter Harrison Planetarium

建在一个以51度半向北倾斜的巨型圆锥之内

Built within a giant cone that tilts 51 degrees to the north.

这个角度是格林尼治天文台的地理纬度

This angle is the geographic latitude of the Greenwich Observatory.

这样的设计使圆锥的锥顶正好指向北极星

This design allows the apex of the cone to point exactly to the North Star.

非常有创意

Very creative.

本次新闻广播到此结束

This news broadcast has come to an end.

谢谢收听

Thank you for listening.