Indigenous astronomy: How the sky informs cultural practices - 原住民的天文學 觀星能知天下事

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你在听的是SBS电台广东话节目

You are listening to the SBS Radio Cantonese program.

你在听的是SBS audio的播客解释澳洲

You are listening to the SBS audio podcast explaining Australia.

可以帮你加深了解澳洲

Can help deepen your understanding of Australia.

在繁星点点的星空之下

Under the starry sky dotted with stars.

经过无数次的月亮周期

After countless lunar cycles.

澳洲原住民的文化和存在

The culture and existence of Australia's Aboriginal people.

已经延续了数千年

Has existed for thousands of years.

原住民对于天体的天文知识

The astronomical knowledge of indigenous peoples regarding celestial bodies.

影响并且塑造了原住民的生活和法律

Affecting and shaping the lives and laws of indigenous people.

由银河系的奇观度流星

Meteor of the Galactic Spectacle

以及月亮的不同阶段

and the different phases of the moon.

当中都有很多值得学习的

There is a lot to learn from all of them.

原住民天文学和星星知识

Indigenous Astronomy and Star Knowledge

仰望夜空

Gazing at the night sky.

我们可以看到在月亮不断变化之间

We can see the constant changes of the moon.

和太阳每日的运行之后

After the daily movement of the sun.

美丽的星星在闪烁

The beautiful stars are twinkling.

天文学是研究天上的物体和现象

Astronomy is the study of celestial objects and phenomena.

而原住民天文学就是

And indigenous astronomy is

对星星的研究和现象

Research and phenomena related to stars.

他的深刻知识

His profound knowledge.

和他对土地的联系

His connection to the land.

理解在土地上的事物

Understanding things on the land

都反映在天空里面

All reflected in the sky.

对于澳洲原住民和托勒斯岛文来说

For Australian Indigenous peoples and Torres Strait Islanders

天空影响文化杂俗

The sky influences cultural vulgarities.

以口述传统的方式

In an oral tradition manner.

已经在数千代人之间传承

It has been passed down for thousands of generations.

形式包括故事

Forms include stories.

歌曲 仪式和艺术

Song, Ritual, and Art

塞尔夫是加尔基尔民族的妇女

Silf is a woman of the Galkeel nationality.

她出生于雪梨

She was born in Sydney.

她成长的时候

When she was growing up.

从母亲 长老和社区中的知识持有者

From mothers, elders, and knowledge holders in the community.

学习到银河系的故事

Learning about the stories of the Milky Way.

塞尔夫表示

Salv said.

在过去六万多年里

In the past sixty thousand years.

原住民仰望天空

The indigenous people gaze at the sky.

帮助理解周围的世界

Help understand the world around us.

通过观察星星 恒星

By observing stars, celestial bodies.

月亮 太阳和大气层

Moon, sun, and atmosphere.

来预测天气变化和潮汐

To predict changes in weather and tides.

在陆地和水上导航

Navigating on land and water.

计划粮食的收集

Planning for grain collection

狩猎 贸易或者是仪式

Hunting, trade, or ritual.

以及通过世代传承故事

And through the generational transmission of stories.

仰望和阅读天空

Gazing at and reading the sky.

仍然是理解和讨论的

It is still a matter of understanding and discussion.

在陆地互动和建立与土地连结的重要方式

An important way to interact on land and establish a connection with the land.

让我们了解在宇宙里的位置

Let us understand our position in the universe.

如同塞尔夫所解释

As explained by Serf.

原住民的星星知识

Indigenous knowledge of the stars.

是原住民的一种方式

It is a way of the indigenous people.

去了解他们正在生活的世界里的角色和责任

To understand the roles and responsibilities they have in the world they are living in.

塞尔夫表示

Sefufu expressed.

他们有一句话是

They have a saying:

天上的一切都在地上

Everything in the sky is on the ground.

所以你可以利用星星找到你的社区

So you can use the stars to find your community.

歌词 重要的仪式地点和其他方向

Lyrics, important ritual locations, and other directions.

但如果是星星本身

But if it is the star itself.

就需要一些帮助来理解

Just need some help to understand.

可以知道舞蹈 语言和地区和土地的连结

It is possible to understand the connection between dance, language, regions, and land.

可以验证一切

Everything can be verified.

哈马切是物业本大学物理学院的文化天文学副教授

Hamashe is an associate professor of cultural astronomy at the University of Property's College of Physics.

他和原住民和托拉斯岛文社区合作

He collaborates with the indigenous people and the community of Toras Island.

以记录他们的传统知识

to record their traditional knowledge

哈马切表示

Hamacier stated.

长老谈到的是天空里的一切

The elder spoke of everything in the sky.

是如何和土地连结

How to connect with the land.

因此如果你想了解你周围的事物是如何运作

Therefore, if you want to understand how the things around you work

你就需要看星星

You just need to look at the stars.

人类一直和星星有最密切的关系

Humanity has always had the closest relationship with the stars.

星星可以作为教科书 地图 法律书 社会规则书

Stars can serve as textbooks, maps, legal books, and social rule books.

都可以作为时间工具和记忆空间

Both can serve as tools for time and spaces for memory.

通过利用星星

By utilizing stars

可以将信息编码去到记忆里面

Information can be encoded into memory.

天空中的一切都有它的意义和目的

Everything in the sky has its meaning and purpose.

太阳 月亮和星星的移动

The movement of the sun, the moon, and the stars.

被用来预测环境的变化

Used to predict changes in the environment.

例如季节 天气模式和植物和动物的行为

For example, the seasons, weather patterns, and the behavior of plants and animals.

哈马切指

Hamacchi指

了解原住民的星星知识最重要的是

The most important thing about understanding the indigenous people's knowledge of the stars is...

知识和其他一切事物的关联和关系

The connections and relationships between knowledge and everything else.

所以当你想知道季节是否会改变

So when you want to know if the seasons will change

是否会下雨

Will it rain?

动物的行为是怎样

What is the behavior of animals like?

何时种植或者收成花园或者食物的时候

When to plant or harvest the garden or food.

你需要看一下星星

You need to take a look at the stars.

以理解它怎样运作

To understand how it works.

你都需要观察周围的一切

You need to observe everything around you.

而这种全面看待我们周围世界的方式

And this way of comprehensively viewing the world around us

就是原住民和托勒斯岛文文化的中心

It is the center of the indigenous people and the culture of Torres Strait Island.

他指在托勒斯海下

He pointed under the Tullis Sea.

掌楼门谈到观察星星是怎样闪烁

The building manager talked about how to observe the twinkling of stars.

如果你可以读懂它们的闪烁

If you can understand their flicker.

即是观察或者解读星星

It is to observe or interpret the stars.

星星的性质和位置变化

The nature and position changes of stars.

如果你可以读懂所有这些微妙的变化

If you can understand all these subtle changes.

星星会告诉你一些关于大气层的事

The stars will tell you something about the atmosphere.

它可以告诉你是否有风暴来临

It can tell you if a storm is coming.

或者季节是否会改变

Or will the seasons change?

每一晚

Every night

星星在东方的天空里面比前一天早四分钟升起

The stars rise in the eastern sky four minutes earlier than the day before.

随着地球摇着太阳运行

As the Earth revolves around the Sun.

星星都在一年的时间完成了一个完整的循环

The stars have completed a full cycle over the course of a year.

夜空中的瞬间现象例如流星

Momentary phenomena in the night sky, such as meteors.

都在原住民文化里面具有意义

All have significance within indigenous culture.

就如哈马切解说

Just like the commentary from Hamache.

掌楼门教导这些现象对于理解生命、死亡和身份的重要性

The teachings of the gatekeepers regarding these phenomena are important for understanding life, death, and identity.

哈马切表示

Hamache said

在澳洲大部分的地区

In most areas of Australia.

明亮的流星被视为两种通常有关的事物的其中之一

A bright meteor is considered one of the two things that are usually related.

通常是邪恶的灵魂

Usually an evil soul.

好像世常的邪恶生物飞越天空

It seems like the wicked creatures of the world are flying across the sky.

但通常都是和死亡有关

But it is usually related to death.

在托勒斯海峡

In the Strait of Toles

例如非常明亮的火球

For example, a very bright fireball.

流星会被视为一种很明亮的火球

Meteorites are regarded as very bright fireballs.

他们会被视为刚刚去世或者即将去世的人的灵魂

They will be regarded as the souls of those who have just passed away or are about to pass away.

原住民和托勒斯海峡岛文和星星之间的关系

The relationship between the indigenous people and the Torres Strait Islands, and the stars.

涵盖了身份和归属感

Covers identity and sense of belonging.

对自然世界、对自我的感知和对于文化的认同

Perception of the natural world, self-awareness, and cultural identity.

原住民的星星知识

Indigenous knowledge of the stars

是将过去、现在和未来

It is the past, present, and future.

联结成一个整体知识系统的一个不可分割的一部分

An inseparable part of a unified knowledge system.

而这个整体知识系统

And this entire knowledge system

是原住民文化的中心

It is the center of indigenous culture.

广东话节目的播剧

Cantonese program broadcast drama

想听更多解释澳洲的内容

I want to hear more explanations about Australia.

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Please visit sbs.com.au.

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