This is the 132nd most frequent Arabic word.
الاقتصادية
"الاقتصادية" means "economic" or "related to the economy."
Here, "الاقتصادية" is used as an adjective to describe the noun "تحديات" (challenges), indicating the type of challenges—economic.
تواجه الدولة تحديات اقتصادية عديدة.
The country faces many economic challenges.
In this sentence, "اقتصادي" is part of the construction "النمو الاقتصادي" (economic growth), where it serves to specify the field related to the growth.
تم إطلاق مبادرة جديدة للنمو الاقتصادي.
A new initiative for economic growth was launched.
"الاقتصادية" functions here as an adjective directly modifying "الصحيفة" (the newspaper), specifying its focus on economic matters.