乃至

乃至

"乃至" means "and even; up to; or even."

乃至 is used to indicate an extension or inclusion beyond the mentioned groups.

这本书适合学生、教师，乃至于普通读者。

This book is suitable for students, teachers, and even regular readers.

乃至 connects a smaller scope (family conflicts) to a broader scope (national politics).

从家庭矛盾乃至国家政治，社会问题层出不穷。

From family conflicts to national politics, social issues continuously arise.

乃至 suggests inclusion of an additional perspective or group (future technologies) to the listed range.

研究范围包括古代历史，科学进步，乃至未来技术各种方面。

The research scope includes ancient history, scientific advancements, and even future technologies.