This is the 368th most frequent Czech word.
minulý
"Minulý" means "past" or "last" in English.
In this sentence, 'minulý' is used as an adjective to describe 'týden' (week), indicating the week prior to the current one.
Minulý týden jsem byla na výletě.
Last week, I went on a trip.
Here, 'minulá' (feminine form of 'minulý') modifies 'zkouška' (exam), signifying the examination taken before the current one.
Pamatuji si, že minulá zkouška byla velmi těžká.
I remember that the previous exam was very hard.
In this case, 'minulé' (plural form of 'minulý') is used to describe 'události' (events), referring to events that happened in the past.