This is the 3069th most frequent French word.
néerlandaise
Dutch (feminine form).
In this case, 'néerlandaise' is used as an adjective to describe 'peinture' (painting), specifying that the painting is of Dutch origin.
Cette peinture néerlandaise est très célèbre.
This Dutch painting is very famous.
Here, 'néerlandaise' functions as an adjective modifying 'femme' (woman), specifying her nationality as Dutch.
La femme néerlandaise est venue hier.
The Dutch woman came yesterday.
Here, 'néerlandaise' is used as an adjective to describe the noun 'langue' (language), indicating that the language is Dutch.