This is the 12th most frequent Indonesian word.
oleh
"By" or "through" (used to indicate the agent or means).
In this sentence, 'oleh' indicates the agent or doer of the action in a passive sentence, referring to someone who performed the action.
Lukisan itu dibuat oleh Rani.
The painting was made by Rani.
In this sentence, 'oleh' shows the creator or initiator of the action in relation to the object described.
Surat itu diberikan kepadanya oleh pengirim melalui kurir.
The letter was given to him by the sender through a courier.
In this sentence, 'oleh' is used to indicate the actor in a passive voice sentence, showing who is responsible for the action.