昨年

昨年

"Last year."

'昨年' (sakunen) is used here to indicate the starting point of an ongoing action.

私は昨年から日本語を勉強し始めました。

I began studying Japanese since last year.

Here, '昨年' (sakunen) is used as a possessive modifier for 'summer', specifying the time period being described.

昨年の夏は非常に暑かったです。

The summer of last year was very hot.

In this sentence, '昨年' (sakunen) is used as the subject to indicate 'last year', providing the time frame for the action.

昨年は富士山に登りました。

Last year, I climbed Mt. Fuji.