این

این

"This" or "these" (depending on context).

The word 'این' is used as a demonstrative pronoun to indicate a specific noun, 'the book.'

این کتاب را خوانده‌ای؟

Have you read this book?

Here, 'این' is used to specify a particular time period, 'these days.'

این روزها بسیار شلوغ هستم.

These days, I am very busy.

In this context, 'این' acts as a pronoun referring to an idea or occurrence, 'this fact.'

متوجه این شدم که او ناراحت بود.

I noticed this: he was upset.