This is the 1702nd most frequent Portuguese word.
climáticas
"Climáticas" means "climatic" or "related to climate."
Here, 'climáticas' is used as an adjective to describe 'mudanças' (changes), referring to changes related to the climate.
As mudanças climáticas afetam diretamente o meio ambiente.
Climate changes directly affect the environment.
'Climáticos' functions as an adjective qualifying 'dados' (data), indicating data pertaining to climate.
Os dados climáticos são essenciais para prever fenômenos naturais.
Climatic data are essential for predicting natural phenomena.
In this case, 'climáticas' describes 'pesquisas' (research), specifying that the research is focused on studying the climate.