This is the 1261st most frequent Russian word.
погоды
"Погоды" means "weather" (genitive singular or nominative plural form in Russian).
Here, 'погоды' is in the genitive singular form, and it relates to 'перемен' as the type of changes being described.
Сегодняшние новости рассказали нам о переменах погоды.
Today's news told us about weather changes.
In this sentence, 'погоды' again appears in the genitive singular form. It modifies the noun 'состояние', specifying whose condition.
Состояние погоды утром было прохладным и дождливым.
The condition of the weather in the morning was cool and rainy.
The word 'погоды' in this example is still genitive singular and is governed by the preposition 'на', showing that the phrase is about changes regarding the weather.